The process of transferring energy between a power line and a car typically involves inductive power transfer, also known as wireless power transfer or wireless charging. This technology uses an electromagnetic field to transfer electrical energy wirelessly from the power line to the car's battery without any physical electrical connections.
The process typically involves the following components and steps:
1. Power line: The power line is connected to the electrical grid and supplies the alternating current (AC) power.
2. Power converter: A power converter is used to convert the AC power from the power line into a high-frequency alternating current (AC) suitable for inductive power transfer.
3. Transmitter pad: The transmitter pad is installed on the ground or embedded in the road surface. It consists of a coil of wire that generates an alternating electromagnetic field when supplied with the high-frequency AC from the power converter.
4. Receiver pad: The receiver pad is installed on the underside of the car and contains another coil of wire. When the car is parked over the transmitter pad, the receiver coil couples with the electromagnetic field generated by the transmitter coil through inductive coupling.
5. Power receiver: The power receiver is a circuit in the car that converts the induced alternating current from the receiver coil into a direct current (DC) suitable for charging the car's battery.
6. Battery management system: The battery management system monitors and controls the charging process, ensuring safe and efficient charging of the car's battery.
When a car is parked over the transmitter pad, the following steps occur:
1. The power converter receives AC power from the power line and converts it into a high-frequency AC.
2. The transmitter pad's coil generates an alternating electromagnetic field using the high-frequency AC from the power converter.
3. The receiver pad's coil in the car couples with the electromagnetic field and induces an alternating current in the coil.
4. The power receiver converts the induced alternating current into a direct current suitable for charging the car's battery.
5. The battery management system monitors and controls the charging process, ensuring safe and efficient charging of the battery.
This inductive power transfer method allows for convenient and automated charging of electric vehicles without the need for physical electrical connections. However, it is generally less efficient than direct conductive charging due to the energy losses associated with the inductive coupling process.
