Newton's law of universal gravitation

 Gravitational force is one of the fundamental forces in the universe, responsible for the attraction between objects with mass. It's described by Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation, which states that every mass attracts every other mass with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

Mathematically, Newton's law of universal gravitation can be expressed as:

$𝐹=\frac{𝐺\cdot {𝑚}_1\cdot {𝑚}_2}{{𝑟}^2}$

Where:

• $𝐹$ is the gravitational force between the two masses,
• $𝐺$ is the gravitational constant ($6.67430\times 10^{-11}{\text{m}}^3{\text{kg}}^{-1}{\text{s}}^{-2}$),
• ${𝑚}_1$ and ${𝑚}_2$ are the masses of the two objects,
• $𝑟$ is the distance between the centers of the two masses.

This law explains why objects fall to the ground, why planets orbit the Sun, and why the Moon orbits the Earth. Gravitational force is always attractive, meaning it always pulls objects toward each other. It's also responsible for giving objects weight when they're in a gravitational field.